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The Sri Lankan mask stands at the top of the international stage not only because of its beauty and creativity, but also because it is a mirror that reflects human characteristics and ancient traits. It seems that the existence of masks has existed since time immemorial due to the dances in which masks are worn based on the belief of gods and devils to cure various diseases. The information that masks existed in the recent era is revealed in Ambalangoda, Maha Ambalangoda. It is mentioned in the book that masks were cut in the Tukka Carpenter House, which is the home of the Tukka Carpenter generation, in the year 1800.
Since ancient times, our ancestors were skilled craftsmen with a great knowledge of carving. Mask design is only a small part of their art. A mask is something that a person wears on their face. These are worn on various occasions for protection or during processions or during Shanti Karma and Yatukarma or other festive occasions. In other countries, metals, minerals, wood or other raw materials have been used for masks, but in Sri Lanka, wood is the most widely used. Since the masks made of many types of wood did not exist for a long time, our traditional carvers turned to making masks from the wood of the kaduru tree. There are two types of kaduru wood called vel kaduru and goda kaduru.
The term ‘Mayura’ refers to a peacock, while ‘Raksha’ means devils. In Sri Lankan culture, the Mayura Raksha mask is believed to symbolize peace, harmony, and prosperity.
This mask typically features three beautifully feathered peacocks, positioned on its sides and top, primarily painted in shades of yellow and blue.
Naga Raksha, also known as the Cobra Mask, holds a significant place among Sri Lankan masks. It depicts a demon capable of transforming into a King Cobra, showcasing the distinctive artistry of traditional Sri Lankan masks.
The Gurulu (Garuda Raksha) mask represents a mythical solar bird that is shown devouring a snake, with the snake, called Naga, positioned above the bird’s face. The bird is decorated with these snakes as trophies.
In Hindu and Buddhist mythology, this bird is known as the mount of the Hindu god Vishnu. The mask is thought to bring protection and good fortune.
The Fire Demon (Ginidal Raksha, Gini Raksha) mask is designed to ward off evil spirits. It symbolizes anger, and its intricate ear patterns are believed to repel negativity. The striking designs on the ears and face are especially important in Sri Lankan culture.